All performance takes place over time, but there are works that specifically address time as a part of the art.
In a time of short attention spans, durational and endurance art take on new meaning and challenge not just the artist, but the audience to surrender themselves to attending to a process unfolding. While all performance art is durational, foregrounding time as an active element in a work changes audience perception and meaning of an action. ‘One could argue almost every art form is time based, dance, theater, poetry … all unfold over time. The difference for durational and endurance artists may be in the intention and attending to time and how the element of time becomes as important as movement, paint or other media. In dance and theater, for example, the difference is in attending to timings of actions (pauses, rhythms, tempo) vs. attending to the action and presence of time.
Examples of durational art include Chris Burden’s Five Day Locker Piece (1971), Tehching Hsieh’s One Year Performance 1980–1981 (Time Clock Piece), and Marina Abramović’s The House with the Ocean View (2003), where she lived silently for 12 days without food or entertainment. The physical stamina required for some of these works is significant, and artists like Abramović have even created “boot camps” for participants in her multiple-person performances. Durational performances are often challenging both for the artist and the audience, pushing the limits of attention spans and endurance.
Notable durational artists from South America, include Brazilian multimedia artist Paulo Nazareth , who famously traveled on foot from Minas Gerais to New York as part of his decade-long performance art piece . Another Brazilian artist, Laura Lima, has created durational performances such as “Man falls from building”, where a performer descends slowly down the facade of a building over the course of several hours. In Chile, artist Bruna Truffa has staged “immersive durational performances” that invite the audience to participate in activities such as cooking or cleaning. Argentine artist Marta Minujín created a 60-hour performance piece in which she and several other artists built a massive “obelisk” out of books that had been banned by the Argentine government. The piece was eventually burned as a statement against censorship. These are just a few examples among many in the thriving contemporary art scenes across South America.
Links, articles, and information on Durational and Endurance Art
- 7 Timely Histories of Performance Art
- 36.5 / A Durational Performance with the Sea
- All articles filed in durational performance – Nihilsenti Mentalgia
- Art About Waiting — and What It Takes to Endure
- Accessing Sorrow: The Community Potential of Ragnar Kjartansson’s Durational Performance Works
- Brgy. South Kensington
- Chickens, Saints, and Corpses: Endurance Art in the United States
- Drama Matters, What do we mean by Durational Performance
- Durational Performance: Nikesha Breeze
- Endurance Art – Artsy
- Endurance art: Five memorable marathon performances
- Endurance: Endurance is an international survey exhibition that traces the work of twentieth-century visual and performance artists whose individual and collective works test the physical, mental, and spiritual endurance of the body.
- Essential Books: 7 Timely Histories of Performance Art
- It’s About Time: Thoughts on the Rise of Extended Duration in Performance-based Practices
- LADA catalogue: Durational
- Long Suffering: American Endurance Art as Prophetic Witness
- On Duration with Marilyn Arsem, Sarah Cameron Sunde, GOODW.Y.N, Natasha Jozi, Verónica Peña and Raegan Truax
- Solo Endurance Performance Artists and the Document in Contemporary Asian Art
- The Polynesian Voyaging Society’s Hikianalia Journey to California
- Raw Essence: The Durational Performance Art of Annabel Turrado
- Reflections on Durational Art
- Solo Endurance artists and the document in ocntemporary asian art
- Introduction: The end of spatiality or the meaning of duration
- The long and short of durational performance
- Time-based Media
- Transgenesis: An Interview Agnes?
- Online lockdown diaries as endurance art
Links to Artist Works / descriptions / reviews
- Marilyn Arsem
- Chris Burden
- André Lepecki
- Paolo Nazareth
- Jefferson Pinder
- Ernesto Pujol
- Oupa Sibeko
- Tehching Hsieh
- Zhang Huan
Literature/Books
- Bao, Weihong et al., Reflections on Durational Art, Berkeley: University of California Press Books Division
- Bretkelly-Chalmers, Kate; Time, Duration and Change in Contemporary Art (Book), Beyond the Clock – ISBN 9781783209194
- Brown, Sierra, Discover endurance art
- Coogan, Amanda, Deconstructing and re-constructing instances of live durational performance art : yellow-re-performed
- Exit Art, Endurance Art, The MIT Press
- Faedra Chatard Carpenter, Coloring Whiteness: Acts of Critique in Black Performance (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2014).
- Forte, Jeanie: Focus on the Body: Pain, Praxix and Pleasure in Feminist Performance Art
- Layton, James; Bergson and durational performance : (re)ma(r)king time
- Lemon, Ralph; Duration
- Mueller, Ellen; Elements and Principles of 4D Art and Design
- Oliver, Valerie Cassel; “Putting the Black Body on the Line: Endurance in Black Performance” in Radical Presence: Black Performance in Contemporary Art Catalogue (Houston: Contemporary Art Museum Houston, 2013), 14.
- Oliveros, Pauline; Duration
- Pagnes, Andrea (VestAndPage); Two Bodies in Space, Durational Performance: The Quest for Authenticity in the VestAndPage Experience
- Prasad, Aarathi, Frida Kahlo: endurance and art
- Quick, Sophie, Putting in time : long-durational performance art spectatorship
- Karen Gonzalez Rice. Long Suffering: American Endurance Art as Prophetic Witness. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2016. 206 pp., 15 b/w ills.
- Lara Shalson, Performing Endurance: Art and Politics since 1960.
- Suk, Jan; Performing Immanence : 5 Durational Performances of Forced Entertainment
- Tankha, Akshaya, An Aesthetics of Endurance Art, Visual Culture and Indigenous Presence in Nagaland, India
- Tayler, Diana; Trauma as Durational Performance
- Truax, Raegan; Durational Performance: Temporalities of the Untimely Body
- Wooden, Isaiah Matthew, Jefferson Pinder and the Art of Black Endurance